Sunday, November 17, 2013

Doddabasappa Temple at Dambal

The Doddabasappa Temple is a 12th-century Western Chalukyan architectural innovation in Dambal,

The temple interior is a standard construction and consists of a sanctum, a antarala and a main mantapa (also called navaranga).The vestibule connects the sanctum to the mantapa. The Western Chalukya monuments, regional variants of existing dravidan temples,defined the Karnata dravida architectural tradition.

The temple is based on a very original 24-pointed star shaped plan and uses soapstone as its basic building material.Contemporary stellate plans of the Bhumija shrines in central India from where the inspiration for this temple came from, were all 32-pointed interrupted types. No temples of the 6-, 12-, or 24-pointed stellate plans are known to exist in Karnataka or Maharashtra, with the exception of the Doddabasappa temple, which can be described as a 24-pointed uninterrupted plan. In an 'interrupted' stellate plan, the stellate outline is interrupted by orthogonal projections in the cardinal directions, resulting in star points that have been skipped.

The Doddabasappa temple marks the mature development of the Chalukyan art which originated from basic dravida architecture of South India. Its departure from conventional dravida plan used in the Virupaksha temple in Pattadakal is so extreme that it would be very difficult to find similarities without detailed examination.A star shape is obtained by rotating a square about its centre. The star points form equidistant projections. The angles and re-entrant angles thus formed make the perimeter of the outerwall of the shrine.
The star projections are carried right up the superstructure (tower over the shrine — Sikhara), giving it an exotic look, though it loses strength in comparison to the square superstructures found in conventional dravida plans. The storied arrangement of the superstructure found in dravida plans is not easily distinguishable here. The upper tiers of the seven-tiered (tala) superstructure look like cogged wheels with 48 dents.

The pillars in this temple are finely chiseled and "complicated" but lack the elegance of those at the Kasivisvesvara Temple in Lakkundi.The entrance to the shrine has above it a decorative architrave with space for images (now missing) of the BrahmaVishnu and Shiva. Depending on the dedication of the temple, either Vishnu or Shiva would take the central position in this arrangement.The entrance to the sanctum is elaborately decorated on either side with designs that are floral containing tiny images of dancers, musicians and even a mithuna couple. In the main mantapa there are three images, one of the "five headed" Brahma and his vahana, the goose, and two images are of Surya.

The temple has two doorways each with a porch, one facing south and the other facing east. The east facing door has on either side the remains of what must have been elegant lintel decoration, and an open hall type of pillared extension containing a large recumbent image of Nandi  which faces the shrine.

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